These are the chief of the post, the reconnaissance dosimeter and the reconnaissance chemist.

Remove the dosimeter from the charging socket, tighten the protective frame. When setting the sighting thread to “O”, make sure that the thread moves from right to left. If the thread moves from left to right, unscrew the dosimeter nut, turn the eyepiece with a scale of 180 ° and screw the nut.

The dose of ionizing radiation is measured on a dosimeter scale, observing through an eyepiece through the transmitted light.

The set of individual dosimeters Shch-1 is used to measure the absorbed doses of gamma-neutron radiation in the range from 2 to 500 rad at a dose rate of 10 to 360,000 rad / h. The division price on the dosimeter scale is 20 rads. The dosimeter is recharged from the ZD-6 charger.

Post of radiation and chemical observation

To monitor the radiation and chemical state at each object of the national economy, radiation and chemical observation (RCS) posts are created. They are the main sources of information about the situation for chiefs of civil defense, facilities and chiefs of staff.

The task of the RHS post is set by the chief of staff of the national economy object, and the chief of the post organizes its execution: informs subordinates, determines the order of the post equipment, checks the devices, organizes communication with the object control point, establishes the order of observation and manages actions of observers.

The post consists of three people. These are the chief of the post, the reconnaissance dosimeter and the reconnaissance chemist. The main tasks of the post (Fig.): Determining the location and other parameters of a nuclear explosion; determination of radioactive, chemical and bacteriological contamination; fixation of the hours of the beginning and end of the fallout of radioactive substances and the direction of movement of the radioactive cloud or cloud with SDOR; submission of alarm signals; determination of the type of PR, SDOR; clarification of the concentration of PR, SDOR, https://123helpme.me/argumentative-essay/ radiation level; meteorological observations.

The post should be:

filtering gas masks, medical means of protection (PIP-8, AI-2), skin protection means, devices of radiation and chemical reconnaissance and dosimetric control of irradiation, and also the magazine of supervision, compass, hours, the scheme of landmarks, the table of warning signals, binoculars, means of giving signals and communication.

To protect the personnel of the post, the simplest shelter is equipped – a closed crack or a special protective structure made of reinforced concrete elements.

A regular observer conducts constant observation. The rest of the personnel are in the shelter ready to perform the task.

The head of the post is obliged to: study the observation area, clarify the procedure for maintaining communication and reports on the results of observations and their sequence; to make the scheme of landmarks and to set tasks to observers; to check up serviceability of means of communication and to report on the beginning of supervision; make journal entries about the results of observations.

The regular observer must: conduct continuous observation in a certain area (sector), conduct meteorological observations, periodically turn on the devices and monitor their readings.

24.09.2011

Rules of conduct during natural disasters and accidents. Abstract

Rules of conduct and action during a fire. Rules of conduct and action during floods. Rules of conduct and action during an earthquake. Actions during the accident. Rules of conduct and action in the area of ​​bacteriological infection. Rules of conduct and action in the area of ​​radioactive contamination (contamination). Personal protective equipment

Rules of conduct and action during a fire

To prevent fires, every citizen is obliged to strictly follow the established rules for their prevention in residential buildings, businesses, forests, peatlands, fields and other places.

At the facilities of the national economy, taking into account the production conditions, a fire-fighting regime is established and instructions are developed both for the whole facility and for individual shops, sections, and crews. The instructions provide for the storage of various materials, indicate the places where you can not smoke and arrange an open flame, describe the procedure in case of fire.

In educational institutions, children’s, medical and cultural institutions, special attention is paid to the evacuation of people in case of fire.

An effective means of extinguishing fires is a fire extinguisher. You need to know that you can’t always use water to put out a fire. Do not direct the water jet at a burning electrical wire or electrical equipment, as the person may be struck by the current, as water is a conductor. Before extinguishing, the voltage should be relieved; you can use carbon dioxide and powder fire extinguishers. The combustible mixture and flammable substances are extinguished with sand, chemical or air-mechanical foam, special powder mixtures.

It is necessary to enter a smoky room together, to go, holding on to walls not to lose a landmark. Work in insulated or filter gas masks, but with a hopkalite cartridge. Open the door to the burning room carefully and use it as a cover. Take people out of a smoky, burning room with a damp cloth or clothing on their head. If the exit is cut off by fire, people are evacuated through windows, balconies, using manual, mechanical, stationary ladders and various car lifts. Rescue ropes are also used.

Most forest, peat and field fires occur near settlements and roads due to careless handling of fire, from unquenched fires or sparks emanating from the exhaust pipes of cars, tractors. Coniferous forests, dry peat bogs, ripe bread, dry grass are especially easily ignited. Therefore, it is impossible to build fires in forests, especially conifers, peat bogs, reed thickets, near grain crops. It is not allowed to smoke in the forest (it is possible on specially equipped platforms), near rolls of the cut bread, when working on combines, tractors, sorters, cars. All machines must be equipped with spark arresters.

Rules of conduct and action during floods

The threat of floods (flooding) is notified in advance. During floods, the broadcasting network in the apartments must operate around the clock. The population is being evacuated from flood-prone areas. Reinforce the fastening of individual structures, mechanisms and equipment. When the water began to rise, people and material values, as a rule, are taken out by motor transport, cattle are distilled.

Before leaving the house, transfer to the upper floors or attics everything that can spoil the water, turn off the lights and gas. Taking with them the documents, the most necessary things, a small supply of food and water, arrive at the collection point. If necessary, evacuation is continued on boats, barges, boats, boats and other vessels. When boarding people, the boat or other vehicle must be secured. Enter the boat should be one by one, stepping on the middle of the deck. Sit down – as directed by a senior. During the movement you can not change places, get on board the boat. The crossing of people on water without vessels is allowed only where there is a certain ford with a depth of not more than 1 m.

Once in the water, you must immediately swim to the nearest unflooded place. Be very careful not to hit objects that may be under water or floating nearby. In a waterlogged bush, thick tall grass, do not make sudden movements, because you can get confused – it is better to swim on your back. If the leg cramps, it is necessary to straighten it and pull on the thumb.

When helping a drowning person, you should swim up to him from behind, making sure that he does not grab you by the leg / arm, neck or torso and pull you deep. You can take it by the collar, head, forearms, arms or armpits, turning face up. Swim with the drowning should be on the side or back, working legs and free hand. On the boat to the sinker approach against a current, and to lift it it is most convenient from a stern. If there are several people in the water, first of all they select those who need immediate help, others are given rescue equipment.

Rescuers should be dressed in dry, warm clothes, given sedatives. If a person does not breathe, he is given artificial respiration.

Rules of conduct and action during an earthquake

Withdrawal of the population to safe places is carried out in an organized manner, taking into account the situation. You need to get out of office premises and residential buildings quickly, without disturbing others.

If strong earthquakes catch you on the street, you should move away from the houses as far as possible. Do not stay near objects with flammable and highly toxic substances on bridges and overpasses. You can not hold on to high pillars and fences, hide on the lower floors and basements of houses. All vehicles stop, passengers leave them and depart to a safe distance. Special organization should be shown, proceeding from stations, theaters, shops; it is necessary to strictly follow the instructions of the administration.

During a hurricane, a squall must be hidden in basements, underground, cellars, ditches, trenches, hollows, shelters of civil defense. The salvation from the village is to urgently and prematurely leave the area that it can flood.

Actions during the accident

In the event of an industrial accident, the chief of civil defense of the facility urgently organizes a notification of the management and all employees of the enterprise about the danger. If there is a leak of SDOR, the population living near the facility and in the direction of possible spread of toxic gases is also notified. The population must listen to the message of the headquarters of the Central Committee and act on its instructions. Reconnaissance is organized, which establishes the place of the accident, the type of SDOR, the degree of contamination of the territory and air, the condition of people in the contamination zone, the boundaries of pollution zones, the direction and speed of wind in the surface layer, the direction of contaminated air.

After providing assistance, the victims are taken to an uninfected area and, if necessary, to a medical institution.

Food and water in the area of ​​contamination are inspected, and a decision is made to degas or destroy them.

It is important to remember that the sooner people leave the infected area, the lower the risk of injury. It is necessary to leave the infected territory quickly, trying not to lift dust and not to touch surrounding objects. In the infected area can not remove protective equipment, smoking, eating, drinking.